TokenPocket(English)
  • Introduction
  • 👥Blockchain Basics
    • What Is Blockchain?
    • What Is a Decentralized Wallet?
    • What Is the Private key, Mnemonic and Wallet Password
    • What s the Miner Fee?
    • What is DeFi ?
    • What is DEX ?
    • What is keystore
    • What is a cold wallet
    • What is a hot wallet
    • What is a watch wallet?
    • What is a multi-sig wallet?
    • What is a hardware wallet
    • What is an extension wallet?
    • What is a passphrase
  • 🔐Security Knowledge
    • Security Measure
      • Safe Usage Environment
      • Use the Passphrase feature to create a "Secret Wallet"
      • Safety Operating Guidelines
      • Hide small transaction records
      • TokenPocket Approval Detector Use Guide
      • Notes on using the third-party DApp.
      • Token Security Detection Function Use Guide
      • Keep your Recovery Phrase and Private Key safe!
      • Pay attention to the tokens and links marked as risky!
      • How to verify whether the wallet is genuine
      • How to verify the real TokenPocket on Google Play?
      • How to verify the real TokenPocket(TP Wallet) on App Store?
      • How to Identify the Authenticity of TokenPocket’s Website and APP?
      • MEV Protection Tutorial
      • About Approve
      • How to check/cancel Approve?
      • Loss Prevention
      • Theft Prevention
    • Common Fraud Cases
      • Fake Walmart/Amazon Platform Scams
      • Be aware of “0 USDT” transfer scam.
      • Be aware of "Phishing" address.
      • Prevent a new type of token transfer scam
      • Free Recovery Phrase Scam
      • Fake Airdrop/Giveaway Scam
      • Fake QR Code Scam
      • Phishing App Scam
      • Phishing Website Scam
      • Fake Token Scam
      • Fake Customer Service Scam
      • DApp Approval Scam
      • Quick identification of scammers' scams
  • 📨Wallet FAQ
    • BTC Wallet
      • BTC Multi-Sig Wallet Creation Tutorial
      • How to obtain a wallet public key?
      • What is a public key
      • Runes Use Guide
      • What is the Runes protocol?
      • How to obtain a wallet public key
      • What is Bitcoin ETF?
      • Quick Overview: Bitcoin Ecosystem Protocols
      • How to use BTC Acceleration
      • View and send Ordinals Inscriptions.
      • What is a Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT)
      • Why is the fee so high for bitcoin transfer?
      • Why does my usdt prompt an address error when I want to transfer to a bitcoin address?
      • Can usdt transfer to my bitcoin address?
      • How many bitcoin addresses can you create in the TokenPocket wallet?
      • Can I create multiple BTC addresses?
      • My bitcoin has been transferred out but the receiver said did not receive, what should I do?
      • Can the TP wallet automatically collect bitcoins?
      • How to choose the best miner's fee for bitcoin?
      • What are the advantages and disadvantages of the bitcoin lightning network?
      • What is the relationship between USDT on BTC and BTC?
      • What is the bitcoin lightning network?
      • Does a bitcoin address have to start with a number?
      • How many bits is the bitcoin address?
      • What is the smallest unit of bitcoin?
      • Will the miner's fee be deducted if the BTC transfer fails?
      • How to export the BTC private key of TokenPocket wallet?
      • What is BTC segwit?
      • Bitcoin transfer is slow, can it be accelerated?
      • How to import the BTC private key into the wallet?
      • How to set the miner fee of BTC?
      • How to transfer BTC to exchange by wallet?
      • How to delete BTC wallet?
      • What if you lose your password to your bitcoin wallet?
      • How to reset the password of bitcoin wallet?
      • What if the BTC private key is lost?
      • How to backup bitcoin private key?
      • The page you were looking for doesn't exist – TokenPocket Help Center
      • How to create a BTC wallet in TokenPocket?
      • How to change the name of bitcoin (BTC) wallet in TokenPocket wallet?
      • Is there a bitcoin browser in the TokenPocket wallet? How to use it?
      • When my TokenPocket wallet APP was disconnected, someone transferred BTC bitcoin to me. Can I receiv
      • Will I lose my bitcoin stored in my TokenPocket wallet? Will my wallet steal my BTC?
      • What coins are on the BTC network?
      • Can I mine BTC bitcoin with the TokenPocket wallet?
      • Will it give me interest if I deposit BTC in the TokenPocket wallet?
      • Where is the price of BTC in TokenPocket wallet displayed according to?
      • Guía de ususario para BTC — billetera TokenPocket [Traducción]
      • About RBF and CPFP
      • FAQs on Bitcoin Wallet
      • What’s the change address
      • What is OP_RETURN?
      • what is UTXO
      • What’s the path
      • What is an address type?
      • What is Taproot?
      • What's the SegWit
    • ETH Wallet
      • Staking Tutorial
      • What Is EIP-1559?
      • About Ethereum staking
      • About self-custodial staking
      • About Ethereum POS
      • ETH 2.0 Staking Vault Service Agreement
      • Eth2.0 Staking Vault Rules
      • Eth2.0 Staking Nodes List
      • How to retrieve the previous ETH wallet?
      • How to create ETH wallet?
      • TokenPocket Gas Station User Agreement
      • Transaction Pending Forever? Here is How You Make it Successful Faster!
      • FAQs on Ethereum
      • What is Token Transfer Approval, and What Risk Does it Involve?
      • How to Use Watch Mode in TokenPocket to Check the Balance in ETH 2.0 Depositing Contract
      • What is ETH Transaction Accelerator?
      • Manage the unpackaged transactions
      • What is Token Approval and How to Grant Token Approval?
      • What is Permit2
      • What is Permit
    • BSC Wallet
      • How to create BSC wallets in bulk
      • How to enable Gas-Free Stablecoin Transfers on the BNB Chain?
      • Beefy.finance Tutorial (BSC)
      • Equator Tutorial
      • Ellipsis Tutorial (BSC)
      • BakerySwap Tutorial (BSC)
      • How to Use DODO
      • Venus User Guide (BSC)
      • How to use PancakeSwap in TokenPocket Wallet
      • How to exchange Binance's BTCB to the wallet for using
      • Export "key" on Binance smart chain wallet
      • How to withdraw BNB to Binance Smart Chain
      • Binance Smart Chain (BSC) wallet registration
      • Master the authorization management authority of DApp (BSC)
    • TRON Wallet
      • How to Use TRON Network Fee Coupon
      • Using energy, lower costs
      • Using USDT as 'Network Fee', No TRX Required
      • How to Save on TRON Transaction Fees When Transferring USDT?
      • How to Create a Tron MultiSig Wallet
      • How to create a TRON wallet?
      • TokenPocket Energy Rental Service
      • How to create TRON wallets in bulk
      • How to Use TStake 2.0
      • How to acquire TRX tokens
      • Voting Considerations
      • What is Stake 2.0?
      • How to become a Super Representative (SR)?
      • How to claim voting rewards.
      • How to participate in voting.
      • About TRON Account Privilege Escalation
    • TON Wallet
      • Overview of TON Wallet
    • FTM Wallet
      • Use TokenPocket wallet to participate in the operations of FTM mainnet
    • Solana Wallet
      • What is Solana Memo
      • What are Solana transaction fees
      • Associated account of Solana
      • About Solana account permissions
    • Sui Wallet
      • Scallop (sui) User Guide
    • OKX Wallet
      • How to create the OKEx Chain Test wallet
      • The Usage Tutorial of OKExChain Test (OKEx)
      • Upgrade of OKExChain Wallet
      • Use OKEx old chain for upgrading to OKEx mainnet (EVM)
    • EOS Wallet
      • EOS Use Guide
      • Related News
      • What Society Says?
      • What Voice Team Says?
      • Apply for a free Voice Beta account
      • FAQs on Voice
      • What is Voice?
      • Register with the email/phone number.
    • Aptos Wallet
      • What is a permission change
    • Polkadot Wallet
      • What are Transaction Tips?
    • Multichain-wallet
      • What is a HD Wallet?
      • How to reset your password
      • what is Asset Collection?
      • Guide of Cold wallet
      • About sub-wallets
      • What's the Mnemonic Phrase
      • What‘s the private key
    • Multisig Wallet
      • What is a multi-sig wallet?
      • What is Owners?
      • What is Multisig nonce?
      • How to create a MultiSig Wallet?
      • How to import a MultiSig Wallet?
      • MultiSig Transfer Use Guide
    • AA Wallet
      • What is AA Wallet
      • AA Wallet Create and Import
      • How to use AA Wallet
      • Account Abstraction
  • 🔩wallet operation
    • TP Card
      • TP Card FAQs
      • TP Card Create/Import
      • TP Card(Fiat24) Register
      • TP Card Deposit Tutorial
      • TP Card Transfer Tutorial
      • TP Card Profile
      • TP Card Limit Manage
      • TP Card Info
      • TP Card Binding with Apple Pay
      • TP Card Binding with Google Pay
      • TP Card Binding with WeChat pay
      • TP Card Binding with Alipay
    • About NFT
      • NFT skin design competition tutorial
      • NFT Application Specification
      • How to set NFT Asset Card, Receive Background, and Avatar on TokenPocket?
      • NFT application description
    • About DApp
      • How to create DApp List?
      • How to collect DAPP and TIP-001 protocol?
    • How to Create a Wallet?
      • Sub-wallet creation tutorial.
      • BiHelix (RGB-LN) Use Guide
      • Mint Use Guide
      • Bitlayer Use Guide
      • X Layer Use Guide
      • Blast Use Guide
      • Merlin Use Guide
      • Kroma Use Guide
      • ZetaChain Use Guide
      • Taiko Testnet Use Guide
      • Blast Testnet Use Guide
      • Metis Use Guide
      • Manta Use Guide
      • BEVM Use Guide
      • IOST Use Guide( Activation Code Creation)
      • IOST Use Guide( Assist in creating)
      • ZKFair Use Guide
      • Scroll Use Guide
      • HAQQ Use Guide
      • Core Use Guide
      • ZetaChain Testnet Use Guide
      • Polygon zkEVM Use Guide
      • EOS EVM Use Guide
      • opBNB Use Guide
      • Linea Use Guide
      • Mantle Use Guide
      • Sui Use Guide
      • Pulse Chain Use Guide
      • zkSync Era∎ Use Guide
      • Core Blockchain Use Guide
      • Filecoin FVM Use Guide
      • Dogecoin Use Guide
      • Aptos Use Guide
      • FON Smart Chain Use Guide
      • EthereumPoW Use Guide
      • EthereumFair (ETF) Use Guide
      • Arbitrum Nova Use Guide
      • ETC Use Guide
      • HALO Use Guide
      • GateChain(GT) Use Guide
      • BitTorrent Use Guide
      • Conflux eSpace Use Guide
      • KCC Use Guide
      • Harmony Use Guide
      • Moonbeam Use Guide!
      • WAX Use Guide!
      • xDai Use Guide!
      • Solana Use Guide!
      • Avalanche Use Guide!
      • Fantom Use Guide!
      • Arbitrum Use Guide!
      • Klaytn Use Guide
      • Polygon (Matic) Use Guide
      • BSC Use Guide
      • How to create a TRON wallet?
      • Moonriver Use Guide
    • About Custom Network/Token
      • What is a custom network
      • How to Add Custom Network
      • About Custom Token
      • Design a link to promote your chain
    • How to Trade on DEX?
      • Orbiter Finance User Guide
      • Exchange of assets between the EOS mainnet and EOS-EVM
      • Birdeye User Guide
      • Exchange SOL assets using Transit Swap.
      • Orca User Guide
      • jito User Guide
      • Marginfi User Guide
      • Raydium Usage Guide
      • SushiSwap on OKChain Guide
      • JustSwap on Tron Gudie
      • PuddingSwap on HSC Guide
      • MDEX on HECO Guide
      • PancakeSwap on BSC Guide
      • Uniswap on Ethereum Guide
      • Transit Swap 2.0 Guide
    • About Protocol
      • About Nostr
      • The NostrAssets Usage Tutorial
    • TPtool
      • TokenPocket Nickname System
      • Easy Inscription User Guide
      • Magic Eden User Guide (Inscription)
      • EIP-4527
        • How to Use TokenPocket
        • How to Use MetaMask
    • Give encouragement and feedback to TP Wallet on the App Store.
  • 🛠️Wallet Management
    • Token Management
      • How to buy crypto in TokenPocket (Web version)
      • How to buy crypto in TokenPocket
      • How to Search Tokens?
      • How to Add Tokens?
      • How to Delete Tokens?
      • How to manage My NFT assets?
    • Wallet Management
      • How to Use the Private Wallet?
      • How to use Widgets?
      • How to hide the Wallet?
      • How to Create a Wallet?
      • How to Import a Wallet?
      • How to Manage My Wallet?
      • How to Switch My Wallet?
      • How to Sync a Wallet?
      • How to use Watch Wallet and Cold Wallet?
      • What is Nonce?
    • Blockchain Explorer Tutorial
      • What is Blockchain Explorer?
      • What is Transaction ID (Hash) ?
      • BSC Explorer Tutorial
        • Query transfer records on BSC explorer.
        • Query your assets on BSC explorer.
        • Query the token's information on BSC explorer.
      • TRON Explorer Tutorial
        • Query transfer records on TRON explorer.
        • Query your assets on TRON explorer.
        • Query the token's information on TRON explorer.
      • ETH Explorer Tutorial
        • Query transfer records on ETH explorer.
        • Query your assets on ETH explorer.
        • Query the token's information on ETH explorer.
  • 👾Transfer Tutorial
    • About Safe Transfer
    • Transfer FAQ
      • What if the assets cannot be recovered through guided self-help operation
      • Why can’t I transfer my assets to the contract address?
      • Why can't transfer tokens between different chains?
      • Why did I not receive my funds from the wallet to the exchange?
      • Why did I not receive my funds from the exchange to the wallet?
      • Why does the transfer always keep pending status?
      • Why can't I get my funds back when the transfer was failed?
      • How to Accelerate My Transaction?
      • How to Add Memo When Transferring?
      • How to Cancel My Transaction?
      • How to Transfer Assets to the Wallet/Exchange?
      • How to Receive My Assets ?
    • TokenPocket Multi-chain Token Batch sender
  • 👨‍💻DEVELOPER
    • How to Submit DApps?
    • How to Submit Tokens?
    • How to submit NFT?
    • How to Submit a Token Logo?
    • How to Submit a NFT Logo
    • How to submit public chain?
  • 💻EXTENSION WALLET
    • FAQ
      • Basis introduction
      • Installation Tutorial
      • Use Tutorial
        • How to import/create a wallet in TP Extension Wallet?
        • How to create/import a MultiSig wallet in TP Extension Wallet?
        • How to connect with TP Extension Wallet?
        • How to SWAP on TP Extension Wallet?
        • How to connect to KeyPal?
        • How to connect to Ledger?
        • How to connect to Trezor?
    • Extension Update
      • Version update log(Jan 9, 2024)
      • Version update log(Dec 27, 2023)
      • Version update log(Nov 25, 2023)
      • Version update log(Aug 9, 2023)
      • Version update log(Jun 22, 2023)
      • Version update log(Jun 5, 2023)
      • Version update log(Jun 2, 2023)
      • Version update log(May 19, 2023)
      • Version update log(Mar 5, 2023)
      • Version update log (Mar 1, 2023)
      • Version update log (Nov 4, 2022)
      • Version update log(Aug 26, 2022)
      • Version update log (Jul 13, 2022)
      • Version update log (Jun 8, 2022)
      • Version update log(May 20, 2022)
      • TokenPocket Brand Upgrade
    • Privacy Policy
    • Term Of Use
  • 🪧announcement
    • Announcement
      • 🆕Oct 16th, Ordinals Data Maintenance Notice
      • Oct 11th, TokenPocket Official Website Maintenance Notice
      • Oct 7th, BNB Chain's maintenance has been completed.
      • Oct 7th, BNB Chain is being maintained.
      • Sept 15th. The Merge is over!
      • Sept 12th. About the Ethereum Merge.
      • Aug 31st, Arbitrum will launch the Nitro technical upgrade.
      • Aug 29th, TokenPocket wallet is being maintained and upgraded.
      • Aug 4th, 2022. The Polygon(Matic) is being maintained and upgraded.
      • Jul 20th, 2022. The BSC and IOST had been maintained and upgraded.
      • Jul 12th, 2022. The TRON will be maintained and upgraded.
      • Jul 11th, 2022. The klaytn had been maintained and upgraded.
      • Jun 1st, 2022. The Optimism node will be maintained and upgraded.
      • Jun 1st, 2022. The Heco chain will be upgraded.
      • May 20th, 2022. The Polygon(Matic) chain will be upgraded.
      • May 18th, 2022. TokenPocket technical service will be maintained and updated!
      • Feb 24th, 2022. iOS New version will adjust some services.
      • Jan 27th, 2022. The service upgrade of TRON.
      • Jan 25th, 2022. Klaytn node is being maintained.
      • Dec 2nd, 2021. EOS node is being maintained.
    • App Update
      • 🆕Version Update Logs (All)
      • Version Update (Jul 6th, 2023)
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      • Version Update (Oct. 30th, 2020)
    • TokenPocket Product Policy Adjustment Instructions
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On this page
  • How to “bring the next billion users into Web3.0”?
  • Key Words
  • The Limitations Of EOA Wallet.
  • How to define Account Abstraction?
  • Conclusion
  1. Wallet FAQ
  2. AA Wallet

Account Abstraction

PreviousHow to use AA WalletNextTP Card

Last updated 1 year ago

From the 64 hexadecimal characters composing the private key of a Bitcoin address in 2009 to the introduction of the secret recovery phrase concept into the blockchain with the Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 39 (BIP39) in 2013, private keys and secret recovery phrase as the most crucial information for protecting user assets have continued to evolve in the blockchain for a decade. In 2020, Vitalik Buterin’s proposed a more comprehensive and detailed concept of Account Abstraction. Since then, Account Abstraction wallets have begun to develop.

How to “bring the next billion users into Web3.0”?

Perhaps the Account Abstraction wallets brought about by the concept of Account Abstraction could be one direction.

Key Words

Account Abstraction is a blockchain technology that allows users to use smart contracts as their accounts, aimed at enhancing the management and interaction flexibility of Ethereum accounts (EOA accounts).

EOA Wallet, Externally-Owned Account, is controlled by a private key and secret recovery phrase, currently the largest user-volume traditional wallet.

AA Wallet, Account Abstraction Wallet, based on the ERC-4337 protocol is a type of smart contract wallet.

The Limitations Of EOA Wallet.

Do you still remember the first time you used an EOA wallet(e.g. TokenPocket, MetaMask.)

The limitations of EOAs,

1. Assets are controlled by private keys and secret recovery phrases.

EOA wallet is the general term for the most common wallet account system. The EOA wallet is solely controlled by the private key and secret recovery phrase. Users must securely store the private key and secret recovery phrase of the EOA wallet. Once leaked, it will lead to the loss of wallet assets.

2. The interaction logic is not user-friendly.

  • High and unstable on-chain gas fees.

  • Multiple factors affect transaction confirmation.

  • Complex transaction processes.

Taking Ethereum as an example, to execute a transfer or transaction on the Ethereum network, you must pay the native token ETH as a gas fee to get the transaction confirmed on the chain. If a user’s wallet does not have ETH, the only option is to purchase it through a centralized exchange or through a third-party cross-chain bridge and then transfer it to the wallet. In special cases, due to congestion on the network, there can be an increase in gas fees or transaction failures, resulting in losses for users.

The limitations of the EOA wallets mentioned above are challenges that all newbies currently face. To solve these challenges, significant knowledge acquisition and supplementation are required, along with facing challenges such as “risk approvals” and “risky tokens” during the learning process.

The introduction and development of the “Account Abstraction” concept have, to some extent, addressed these issues.

How to define Account Abstraction?

“Account Abstraction” refers to the “abstraction” of the wallet itself. In addition to the familiar abstraction processing of “private key and secret recovery phrase”, it also includes the abstraction processing of account interaction processes, user experiences, and on-chain experiences.

From a technical perspective, “Account Abstraction” refers to the complete control of the account by smart contracts, with certain contract details being an “abstract” concept for the Ethereum protocol. Each account is a smart contract, allowing users to freely control smart contract accounts without needing to handle any private key or secret recovery phrase.

From a user perspective, “Account Abstraction” has led to significant enhancements and optimizations in account interaction details, making the wallet usage process more convenient and improving the applicability of Web3.0.

We will introduce “Account Abstraction” from four main aspects: “Social Recovery”, “Signature Abstraction,” “Gas Fee Abstraction,” and “Nonce Abstraction.” To better understand “Account Abstraction,” we will also use more comprehensible examples during the introduction.

1. Social Recovery

“How to back up the private key and keep my assets safe?”

That’s the most common question asked by users, and also the most significant user pain point with current EOA wallets.

Account Abstraction abstracts the private keys and secret recovery phrases, eliminating the need for users to back up private keys and secret recovery phrases during the wallet creation process. If the wallet is accidentally uninstalled or the wallet account is deleted, the account can be recovered through multi-factor authentication and social recovery (such as email).

2. Signature Abstraction

Here are the explanations of Signature Abstraction through the functionalities of “Transaction Limits,” “Multi-Party Approvals,” and “Auto Payments”:

a) Transaction Limits: If the value of a signature exceeds your preset limit, the wallet associated with your smart account can decline the transaction or request additional.

e.g. You will bind your credit card to pay the daily or monthly household expenses, if it exceeds the limit, your bank account will refuse the transaction (or contact you to confirm the payment at once).

b) Multi-Party Approvals: You can delegate partial control of the wallet to trusted parties, we can call them “guardians”. “Guardians” could be friends, family, service providers, or even a separate device you own, such as the KeyPal hardware wallet. Consequently, “guardians” have the approval to control the assets in your account.

c) Auto Payments: You can authorize third-party services to “withdraw” assets from your account to support a specific recurring expense.

e.g. Back to the credit card example, you can also bind your AA wallet to pay the payment(e.g. pay for a subscription to a platform). For sure, you need to confirm the platform accepts the crypto payment method.

“Transaction Limits,” “Multi-Party Approvals,” and “Auto Payments” are the three prominent application scenarios in signature abstraction. We will also introduce more usage scenarios in the future, combining new AA wallet features, to integrate the AA wallet into your Web3.0 life.

3. Gas Fee Abstraction

As mentioned before, any transaction on the Ethereum wallet must pay the native token ETH as a gas fee to push the transaction on the chain. This type of interaction logic is not user-friendly, especially for new Web3.0 users, as the process of obtaining miner fees is overly complex. Account abstraction can effectively solve this problem.

In the account abstraction system, the smart contract account created by the user can use other ERC-20 tokens to pay the gas fee on their behalf. At the contract level, there will be a “relay” to convert ERC-20 tokens into native ETH, thus pushing the transaction on the chain.

In the future, projects can even achieve “feeless interaction” at the user level by donating or sponsoring fees through the relay, truly achieving the same convenient transactions as Web2.0.

4. Nonce Abstraction

In the Ethereum system, Nonce is an important concept used to ensure that transactions are executed in a specific order. The purpose of Nonce is to maintain the order and integrity of transactions to prevent “replaying” attacks and disorderly transaction execution.

If you need to initiate two or more transactions, and the Nonce values of these transactions are 0 and 1, respectively, you must wait for the transaction with Nonce=0 to be executed/confirmed before executing the transaction with Nonce=1. For users who need to perform batch transaction operations, such a process is too rigid, leading to low work efficiency.

Account Abstraction allows you to create a custom replay protection mechanism (instead of the Ethereum protocol enforcing strict transaction ordering). For example, it is possible to use Nonces that allow batch processing of multiple transactions, thus pushing multiple transactions onto the chain. This solves the problems caused by specific order requirements, making Web3.0 more lightweight.

So, what will be the interaction process for AA wallets?

Conclusion

Account abstraction stands as one of the best solutions to address the limitations of EOA wallets, bringing increased flexibility and operability to the field of wallets. TokenPocket will launch the AA wallet soon, bringing users more possibilities in the Web3.0 realm.

For all crypto users, this is a security challenge. In the past, we have introduced several products to solve the security of private key and secret recovery phrase storage, such as , , , etc. However, these are more difficult for newbies to use and its core still relies on the storage and usage of private keys and secret recovery phrases.

Today, transactions from your EOA wallet require a signature generated by your wallet’s private key using the to be valid. In other words, a private key is the sole proof to control your wallet assets. Account Abstraction separates the ECDSA, allowing users to customize rules to approve the transaction that is initiated by the wallet. In simple terms, you, are the sole credential controlling the assets.

e.g. is one of the concepts of “Account Abstraction”.

📨
hardware wallets
cold wallets
multisig wallets
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
TokenPocket MultiSig wallet
EIP-2938: Account Abstraction